過去簡單式 (Past Tense)
◆ 過去簡單式用以陳述過去所發生的動作,並且這個動作在過去某一時間點已經結束。 |
I talked to my mother yesterday.
我昨天跟我的母親談過話。
句子含有表示過去時間的副詞,如 yesterday, last night...等通常動詞用過去簡單式。
He was a teacher in his thirties.
他30幾歲時曾經是個老師。(但現在已經不是了)
I loved you; and perhaps I love you still.
我曾經愛過你;也許仍愛著。
摘錄自俄國詩人普希金(Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin,1799-1837) 的一首短詩<我曾經愛過你 (I Loved You)>。
◆ 過去簡單式的動詞形式,通常是在動詞原式後面加 -ed 或 -d 而形成,這類動詞我們稱之為規則動詞,如上面例句中的 talked (動詞原式 talk 加 -ed), 或是 loved (動詞原式 love 加 -d)。 而不規則動詞或是Be動詞的過去式,沒有一定的形式,只能靠死背來記住。 |
想一想,下面的句子正確嗎?
你昨天的午餐吃什麼?
What do you eat for lunch yesterday? did
Tina __D___ hamburgers for lunch every day last week.
- has (B) was having (C) has had (D) had
★字尾是有聲子音或母音的動詞,+ed成為過去式的,ed要唸成”d ”;
lived, paved, aimed, vacuumed, stayed, played,….
★字尾是無聲子音的動詞,+ed成為過去式的,ed要唸成 “t”
talked, washed, watched, liked, asked …
★以過去簡單式或 "used to" 來表示過去的習慣 |
My brother got up at five every morning.
我哥哥過去每天早上五點起床。
My brother used to get up at five every morning.
我哥哥過去每天早上五點起床。
但是現在已經不再每天早上五點起床。
I shopped at Eslite Bookstore regularly.
我過去定期逛誠品書店。
I used to shop at Eslite Bookstore regularly.
我過去定期逛誠品書店。
但是現在已經不再定期逛誠品書店了。
注意:used to + 原型V = 過去(習慣)
be used to(介詞) + Ving/N 習慣於。。。,適應於。。。
I used to take a walk after diner.我過去曾經習慣飯後去散步。(現在沒有這個習慣了。)
I am used to taking a walk after.我習慣於飯後去散步。(現在)
Don’t worry about me! I am used to the noise. 別擔心,我已經習慣這種噪音了。
◆句子的主要動詞為過去式時,一般從屬子句的動詞也要用過去式。 |
I thought (that) she was a teacher.
我以為她是一個老師。was 是主要動詞。
Stephen got out safely before his house collapsed.
在他的房子倒塌之前,史帝芬已經安全地離開了。got out是主要動詞。
☆與現在事實相反的假設語氣,不受上述過去時式的使用規則所限制 ─── 假設語態會在以後教到 |
Steve acts as though he were the boss. (= but he is not the boss)
史蒂夫的行為,就好像他自己是老闆。
但是他不是老闆。
Steve acts as if he were the boss.
as though = as if
I wish [that] he were here now.
我希望他現在人在這裡。wish、were兩者時態不同。
要是他現在人在這裡就好了。事實上他人不在這裡。
If he were here right now, he would help us.were 、would help 兩者時態不同。
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